Conjugation of Spanish Verbs in the Present Tense

The most common set of verbs in Spanish and perhaps the most important set of verbs that need to be learned first is the present  indicative  tense. Although there are conjugations that are easier to learn, the present indicative tense is used the most. Native English speakers conjugate regular verbs all the time without thinking about it: For the past tense add a d or ed to the end of a verb, and for the present tense, add an s or es to indicate that one person or thing is performing an action. Basic Spanish Conjugation Concepts The conjugation of Spanish verbs is a little trickier than in English. A speaker needs to consider several different tenses, moods, gender, and agreement in person according to what needs to be conveyed in the sentence. Spanish verb endings can indicate when the action occurs, and also give the listener a better idea of who or what is performing the action. The present tense means that the action is occurring now. The indicative mood means that the sentence is a statement of fact. To  conjugate  a verb in the present indicative, remove the  infinitive  ending of the regular verb, in this case  -ar,  -er  or  -ir,  and replace it with an ending that gives an indication as to the person that is performing the action of the verb. For example, hablar is the infinitive of a common regular verb ending in -ar.  To form the present indicative, remove the  -ar, which leaves the stem of the verb  habl-. If the person speaking in the sentence is in the singular  first person, that would mean the sentence would be conjugated to be I speak. In Spanish, when conjugating or changing the stem into a  first-person verb, take the stem and add -o, forming the word  hablo. I speak is Yo hablo. To say you speak, which is the singular, informal, second person, add -as to the stem, forming the word  hablas. You speak is Tu hablas. Other forms exist for subjects such as he, she, or it, we, and they. The endings are slightly different for verbs that end in -er and -ir, but the principle is the same. Remove the infinitive ending, then add the appropriate ending to the remaining stem. Conjugation of Regular -Ar Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Ar Ending Example: Hablar Translation: To Speak yo -o hablo I speak tà º -as hablas you (informal) speak à ©l, ella, usted -a habla he/she speak, you (formal) speak nosotros, nosotras -amos hablamos we speak vosotros, vosotras -à ¡is hablà ¡is you speak (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -an hablan they speak, you (formal) speak Conjugation of Regular -Er Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Er Ending Example: Aprender Translation: To Learn yo -o aprendo I learn tà º -es aprendes you (informal) learn à ©l, ella, usted -e aprende he/she learns, you (formal) learn nosotros, nosotras -emos aprendemos we learn vosotros, vosotras -à ©is aprendà ©is you learn (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -en aprenden they learn, you (formal) learn Conjugation of Regular -Ir Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Ir Ending Example: Vivir Translation: To Live yo -o vivo I live tà º -es vives you (informal) live à ©l, ella, usted -e vive he/she lives, you (formal) live nosotros, nosotras -imos vivimos we live vosotros, vosotras -à ­s vivà ­s you live (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -en viven they live, you (formal) live Irregular Verb Conjugation Although most verbs conjugate regularly, the most common verbs in Spanish usually do not. In some cases, not only the endings change, but also the main part of the verb, known as the stem. This is similar to English, where the most common verbs such as to be and to go are also highly  irregular verbs. Present Indicative Conjugations of Common Irregular Verbs Infinitive Translation Conjugations dar to give yo doy, tà º das, usted/à ©l/ella da, nosotros/nosotras damos, vosotros/vosotras dais, ustedes/ellos/ellas dan estar to be yo estoy, tà º està ¡s, usted/à ©l/ella està ¡, nosotros/nosotras estamos, vosotros/vosotras està ¡is, ustedes/ellos/ellas està ¡n hacer to make yo hago, tà º haces, usted/à ©l/ella hace, nosotros/nosotras hacemos, vosotros/vosotras hacà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas hacen ir to go yo voy, tà º vas, usted/à ©l/ella va, nosotros/nosotras vamos, vosotros/vosotras vais, ustedes/ellos/ellas van poder to be able to yo puedo, tà º puedes, usted/à ©l/ella puedes, nosotros/nosotras podemos, vosotros/vosotras podà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas pueden ser to be yo soy, tà º eres, usted/à ©l/ella es, nosotros/nosotras somos, vosotros/vosotras sois, ustedes/ellos/ellas son tener to have yo tengo, tà º tienes, usted/à ©l/ella tiene, nosotros/nosotras tenemos, vosotros/vosotras tenà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas tienen Key Takeaways In both English and Spanish, conjugating involves the changing of verb forms to give information about who or what is performing the verbs action and when that action occurs.Spanish conjugation is far more extensive than English, thus providing more information about the verbs action.Conjugating regular Spanish verbs in the indicative present tense involves removing the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, or -ir) and changing it to something else.

Government Funding of The Fine Arts - 1172 Words

With cities spattered in looming cathedrals and marble sculptures and with bookshelves still faithful to classic works of literature and performance, the arts have proved themselves durable to the test of time. Long have these creations provided undying testament to mankind’s achievement and a window into the past. Perhaps no other category of art lends itself more to a view of history than the fine arts, or high arts, tradition with its well preserved pieces guarded and carefully designed to withstand the battery of time. Works belonging to the fine arts tradition were historically kept alive through wealthy benefactors. However, economic classes began to level out, and wealth was no longer restricted to the few considered â€Å"elite†.†¦show more content†¦However, as every budget dictates, funds cannot be doled out into every area in which they are desired. A key aspect of central funding, or any kind of funding, is making decisions as to where money i s assigned. Along with questions of financial designations, the content of the chosen beneficiaries frequently comes under fire. Events or performances involving subjects seen as risquà © or crude, such as the infamous Piss Christ, often find themselves the target of harsh criticism (Bergheim). This brings into question the delicate balance between a government’s duty to protect its citizens’ culture and its duty to protect their rights (at least in America) to free speech and expression. While no simple solution to this problem exists, it lies within the responsibility of the voters to elect officials who they believe will act within their interests and values. And while the fine arts tradition will very rarely procure anything vulgar, it still remains imperative that a government protects the rights of its citizens. Fortunately, however, with a basis in a historically more conservative past, the fine arts, unlike other art forms, tends to turn from offense of morality. 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Lemurs of Madagascar Free Essays

Lemurs of Madagascar Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Lemurs of Madagascar 1. Madagascar biome is a tropical rain forest. The main characteristic of a tropical rain forest biome is the presence of Warm temperatures throughout the year. We will write a custom essay sample on Lemurs of Madagascar or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a tropical rain forest biome, there are three layers. These layers include the top trees, followed by the canopy layer characterized by dens leaves hence low light penetration and the third layer are the ground layer. The ground layer lacks any vegetation owing to the low amount of sunlight reaching it due to the dense canopy layer. 2. Changes happening in Madagascar pose challenges to lemurs in the island. The main changes that affect the lemurs include the effects of agricultural activities on the environment. Forestland conversion for agricultural use including the creation of pastureland, cropland, and degradation of the soil due to fire and clearing by humans is the agricultural changes on Madagascar. Soil erosion caused by slash-and-burn farming also forms the other changes in Madagascar that brings forth challenges to lemurs. As a conclusion, high deforestation rate and increased human population and erosion form the main changes that challenge the existence of lemurs in Madagascar. 3. The lemurs that are adapting well with the changes in Madagascar are the ones with the ability to live in an altered habitat. (This is a habitat with secondary characteristics owing to human activities in the island). These include the ring-tailed lemur lemma catta and sifakas, but between the two, the ring-tailed lemma catta is adapting better to changes in the ecosystem. The fossil lemurs’ disappearance in the island was due to inability to adapt well to the changes. The other types of lemurs that have disappeared due to change in the habitat include Palaeopropithecus, Daubentonia robusta, Archaeiindris fontoynonti and Megaladapis edwardsi. . A generalist behavioral type is required of the lemurs in Madagascar to be able to cope with the change s in the island for their adaptation and survival. The species favored in this criterion are sifakas and lemur catta, which are adapting well to the changes. Other behavioral characteristics required include being terrestrial for them to adapt well with the changes as depicted by the lemur catta. Physical characteristics that improve adaptation to the changes include ability to take advantage of changes by feeding on crops, tourist handouts, insects, flowers, and fruits. . Lemurs might not develop to adapt to changes in Madagascar because they lived on trees and the deforestation affects their form of livelihood. The reduction in the soil’s ability to support the vegetation that forms the main food for the lemurs is another reason owing to the high rates of soil erosion and degradation. Similarly, human actions in the highland affect their ability to adapt with the changes hence another reason for the inability to adapt to changes in the habitat. 6. The water cycle is the biochemical cycle that may be altered by activities in Madagascar. An alteration on the water cycle takes the following pattern owing to the activities in mainly deforestation and soil erosion and degradation. Cutting of rain forests results in low moisture transpiration to the atmosphere. The result is a reduction in the cloud cover, diminished precipitation, and lead to drought in the area. The replacement of the forests requires water hence an impossible occurrence when there is drought in the area. Reference â€Å"Lemurs in Madagascar: Surviving on an Island of Change. † Films Media Group, 2006. Films On Demand. How to cite Lemurs of Madagascar, Papers